Menstrual Products Comparison: Pads, Tampons, Cups & Discs

January 12, 2026

There is no ideal menstrual product for everyone. It is a personal choice, based on the individual’s comfort, lifestyle, and health. Having said that, there are a lot of options available on the market today - from traditional pads and tampons to eco-friendly menstrual products. It is important to understand the unique features and differences between these products so you can choose what's best for you.  

Menstrual Products Available Today

Sanitary Pads

Sanitary pads have been the menstrual product of choice for generations. These are stuck to the underwear and absorb menstrual flow. The absorbency level varies so that you can choose based on your specific needs. Light panty liners can be used for white discharge or spotting, whereas the heavy pads may be used on days of excessive flow. 

Why Choose Sanitary Pads:

  • You can get a pad at any medical or general provision store near you, and it is easily accessible. 
  • Comfortable to wear and use.
  • Low risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome when compared to menstrual products that need to be inserted. 
  • Safe to use if you have an IUD.   

Why Avoid Sanitary Pads:

  • Bulky pads may be uncomfortable.
  • They may move out of place during physical activity, leading to leaks. 
  • It is not an environmentally friendly option. 

Tampons

Tampons are cylindrical absorbent products inserted into the vaginal canal to absorb menstrual flow during the cycle. It is easy to move around comfortably and is hence popular among athletes and swimmers. 

Why Choose Tampons:

  • It stays in place, and you can participate in any activity without discomfort. 
  • It is discreet and can be worn while you exercise or swim.

Why Avoid Tampons:

  • Primary concern with tampon safety is the risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), which is a rare bacterial infection - a risk brought by high absorbency tampons and wearing them for more than 8 hours. 
  • Contributes to environmental waste. 

Menstrual Cups

Menstrual cups have been a recent addition to menstrual care. These bell-shaped devices, typically made from medical-grade silicone, collect rather than absorb menstrual flow.

Why Choose Menstrual Cups:

  • Can be worn safely for up to 12 hours and can hold more menstrual flow. 
  • A single cup can last up to 10 years if properly maintained. 
  • Does not dry out the vagina’s natural moisture like tampons. 

Why Avoid Menstrual Cups:

  • Proper insertion and removal techniques need to be followed. 
  • Finding the right size and firmness may be a challenge.
  • Regular cleaning and sterilisation is important. 
  • Possibility of TSS. 

Menstrual Discs

Menstrual discs are similar to cups but are placed higher in the vaginal canal, literally at the base of the cervix. They are bowl-shaped. 

Why Choose Menstrual Discs:

  • Has the highest capacity to hold menstrual flow at an average of 61 ml. 
  • It can be worn during exercise. 
  • Disposable options are also available in case you want to try this method. 

Why Avoid Menstrual Discs:

  • Proper insertion is needed. 
  • Disposable discs add to waste. 
  • Finding the right fit may be a challenge. 

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Period Underwear

Period underwear is just regular underwear with some extra absorbent layers that can retain menstrual flow. These come in different thicknesses - the thinner ones are used on days of light flow, and the thicker ones on days of heavy flow. Brands usually mention the thickness and the period days the panties are best suited for.

Why Choose Period Underwear:

  • Feels just like regular underwear with leak protection. 
  • Machine washable and can last 2-6 years with proper maintenance. 
  • Ideal for overnight use or supplementary protection. 
  • Each period underwear is priced at a premium, and you may need multiple pairs per cycle.
  • Proper rinsing and washing are required. 
  • Absorbency level varies by brand and style. 

Environmental Impact and Sustainability

The environmental implications of menstrual products are significant. A person who menstruates disposes of approximately 10,000 pads or tampons over their lifetime, generating substantial landfill waste. Single-use menstrual products and their packaging are among the most commonly found items on beaches and in oceans.

Eco-friendly menstrual products offer a compelling alternative. Menstrual cups have an environmental impact of roughly 1.5% compared to disposable competitors due to reduced manufacturing and waste. Reusable pads and period underwear similarly reduce waste, though they require water for washing. Even choosing organic cotton tampons and pads without plastic components can significantly reduce environmental impact, as natural materials biodegrade much more quickly than synthetic fibres.

Making Your Choice

When selecting menstrual products, consider these factors:

  • Flow level: Heavy flows may benefit from high-capacity products like discs or overnight pads.
  • Lifestyle: Active individuals often prefer tampons, cups or discs.
  • Comfort: Some people prefer external products while others favour internal options.
  • Budget: Reusable products cost more upfront but save money in the long term.
  • Environmental values: Reusable and organic options minimise ecological impact.
  • Learning curve: Cups and discs require practice to be used effectively.

Many people find success using different products at different times - cups during the day, pads at night or period underwear as backup. There's no one-size-fits-all solution, and what works best may change over time.

Conclusion

The world of menstrual products offers more choices than ever before, from traditional disposables to innovative tampon alternatives like cups and discs. Understanding the benefits and considerations of each empowers you to make informed decisions about your menstrual health. Whether you prioritise convenience, tampon safety, sustainability or cost-effectiveness, there's a product combination to suit your unique needs. Don't hesitate to experiment with different options to discover what works best for your body and lifestyle.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Are menstrual discs better than tampons?

Menstrual discs have many advantages over tampons, like they can hold more blood, about 12 times more than tampons. They can be worn for up to 12 hours, whereas tampons need to be changed every 4-8 hours. Discs collect blood rather than absorb it, so they do not disrupt the vagina’s natural moisture.

2. Can you sleep with tampons, pads, cups or discs?

You can, but you need to take a few precautions. Tampons can be worn overnight, but the total wear time should not exceed 8 hours. Pads are safer as overnight pads offer extra coverage, and you can wear them throughout the night. Menstrual cups and discs can be worn for 12 hours and hence can be used while sleeping.

3. Are reusable menstrual products hygienic?

Reusable menstrual products can be hygienic when properly maintained. Menstrual cups and discs need to be washed between uses and sterilised by boiling for 1-2 minutes after every cycle. Rinse period underwear and reusable pads in cold water first, then machine-wash them with a mild detergent.

4. Which menstrual product is most eco-friendly?

The most eco-friendly menstrual products are menstrual cups, followed by reusable pads or period underwear and organic cotton pads or tampons.

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