When it comes to birth control, everyone wants not just the most effective form but also what suits them the best. Women have a variety of birth control options to choose from. If you are opting for an IUD, which one should you choose? The copper IUD that does not use hormones or the hormonal IUD? Let’s explore your options.
IUD – Intra-Uterine Device is a very effective birth control option for women. With 99% effectiveness, they are the most effective form of temporary birth control when compared to pills or condoms.
A doctor specialising in female reproductive health will insert the IUD into the uterus with the help of a special instrument. The device can stay in for years, depending on its type. It will require periodic checking to ensure the device is in place and there are no side effects due to the device.
IUDs come in two types: hormonal and non-hormonal.
Non-hormonal IUDs are copper IUDs. This type uses copper wire instead of hormones to avoid pregnancy. The copper prevents the sperm from reaching the egg, thus effectively preventing pregnancy. Copper creates an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that is toxic to sperm and eggs. It does not directly thicken mucus like hormones do.
Copper IUDs do not affect the hormonal balance in the body. They can increase the bleeding and cramping during menstrual periods. Some women may even experience spotting or mild bleeding between their periods. The Copper IUD can stay in for about 10 years before needing replacement. However, in very rare cases, long-term use of Copper IUD can cause Pelvic actinomycosis – a serious infection caused by bacteria.
Hormonal IUD uses the hormone progestin levonorgestrel. The progestin hormone causes the cervical mucus to thicken, thus making it difficult for the sperm to travel to the egg. It also thins the uterine lining, making it unsuitable for implantation. The hormone can also stop ovulation, which means no mature egg is released for the sperm to fertilise.
A hormonal IUDs primarily help to regulate the hormonal balance in the body and also lead to more regular periods. Some studies show that hormonal IUDs can reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
Both copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs need to be inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Some differences between the two are:
● While a Copper IUD takes effect immediately, a hormonal IUD requires about a week before it can start working.
● Copper IUDs can be used as emergency contraception and can stay inside for up to 10 years. Hormonal IUDs need to be changed every 5-6 years.
● Hormonal IUDs can help regulate menstrual periods, reduce migraines, and also suit those who cannot use birth control with estrogen in it. Copper IUDs can be used only for birth control.
● Copper IUDs can cause heavier periods, while hormonal IUDs can cause lighter periods or even cause you to miss your period from time to time.
● Neither IUDs offer protection against STIs and STDs.
● Both IUDs can be removed at any time, thus reversing the birth control.
So, now that you know both forms of IUD are equally effective when it comes to preventing pregnancy, which one do you choose? If you are confused, here are some points to help you decide. Answering these questions can help you decide which IUD suits you best.
1. When it comes to your hormones, do you want to alter what your body makes by supplementing them through the IUD, or do you not want to disturb the balance?
2. Would you prefer lighter or missed periods or heavier periods with more cramps?
3. Do you want the contraception to start working immediately and also potentially prevent pregnancy that could have happened in the last couple of days? Or are you okay with waiting for about a week for the contraception to start working?
4. Do you want an IUD that can stay in for 10 years without replacement, or would you prefer one that requires more frequent changing?
5. Are you allergic to copper?
6. Have you tried any of the IUDs before? If yes, your experience can help you decide if you want something different or don’t want to explore.
7. Do you suffer from other medical conditions where additional hormones can help?
8. What is your insurance coverage? Hormonal IUDs are a little more expensive than copper IUDs.
9. Would you prefer more hormones in your body or metal for the next few years?
10. Do you have any hormonal imbalance or issues that can be impacted by introducing more hormones through your IUD?
IUDs are safe, long-term, and highly effective contraception options. If you are unsure which type is the best, speak with a gynaecologist. A professional can help you understand the pros and cons of each type based on your health, lifestyle and preferences. A well-reputed facility with experienced doctors can help you choose the perfect option
A copper IUD uses copper wire over a plastic device to kill the sperm and prevent it from reaching the egg. Hormonal IUDs release hormones that thicken cervical mucus, thin the uterine lining, and may also prevent ovulation—all helping to effectively prevent pregnancy. Hormonal IUD effectiveness is shorter than a copper IUD’s effectiveness.
When your body needs more hormones to bring about balance and function better, a hormonal IUD can help. If your body reacts negatively to hormones, a copper IUD will be the safest option. It is better to consult your gynaecologist to make the right decision.
Hormonal IUDs contain progesterone, which can reduce or stop one’s menstrual periods. It can also prevent ovulation, thus stopping the release of any mature egg for fertilisation. This can cause your periods to become lighter or even miss cycles.
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