Different types of antenatal scans

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Early pregnancy or dating scan (5-11 weeks): This scan is done to look for

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Location of pregnancy: intrauterine or extra-uterine
Chronicity : single/twin/triplet, etc.
Viability: the presence of yolk sac & embryonic pole and regular fetal heart rate (ranging from 110 – 160 bpm)
Presence of any subchorionic collection/ bleed.
Any uterine mass/ lesion
Any ovarian/adnexal lesion

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Book an online appointment with Dr. Astha Sahni for Pregnancy & Antenatal related Scans.

Nuchal Translucency scan (11-14 weeks): This scan is done

To measure the crown-rump length (must be 45 - 84 mm);
To measure the deposition of fluid behind the fetal neck (nuchal translucency);
To measure intracranial translucency, which depicts the fourth ventricle in a mid-sagittal plane;
To examine the fetal nose and palate;
To measure the fetal heart rate;
To assess the blood flow the tricuspid valve of the fetal heart and the Ductus Venosus (DV).

Fetal Anomaly scan (18 – 22 weeks): This scan is done

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For systematic check of the fetus from head to toe to look for any structural defects.
For assessing fetal brain, spine, thorax, diaphragm, cardia, abdominal & limbs in detail.
To look for a triple vessel cord.
To look for the position of the placenta, blood flow through the placenta along with the presence of any retroplacental collection/bleed.
To look for amniotic fluid/liquor content.
To evaluate maternal uterine arterial flow and waveform.
To check for cervical length and internal os diameter.

Growth scan or Fetal Wellbeing scan & Colour Doppler (24-42 weeks): This scan is done

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To monitor the growth and wellbeing of the fetus after 24 weeks.
For specific measurements of head, abdomen and thigh (femur) to arrive at an estimated foetal weight centile of the fetus.
To measure amniotic fluid volume around the fetus.
To check the blood flow through the umbilical cord and fetal blood vessels (Doppler scans).
To check the position/location of the placenta and placental grading.
To check for cervical length and internal os diameter.

Biophysical scoring (28-42 weeks)

Refers to the assessment of 4 discrete biophysical variables by ultrasound. It is a standard tool in antepartum fetal assessment. It is usually evaluated after 28 weeks of gestation.

Also Read : Your first antenatal visit to ensure the best pregnancy outcome

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Parameters

Fetal breathing movements
Fetal tone
Fetal (gross body) movement
Amniotic fluid

Scored as either 0/2 or 2/2 for each parameter, and the total BPS is given out of 8.

3D scans: Available for every scan A 3D scan (of the baby) can also be performed during all the above scans. Pictures' clarity depends on the baby's position.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the 4 antenatal scans?

Antenatal scans help doctors monitor the pregnancy and the baby’s development. The four main antenatal scans are – *The dating scan, also known as the early pregnancy scan *The Nuchal translucency scan *Anomaly scan *Growth scan.

What are the 5 scans in pregnancy?

In a regular healthy pregnancy, the five common scans are the dating or confirmation scan, nuchal translucency scan, anomaly scan, growth scan, and a pre-delivery scan. The pre-delivery scan is not compulsory, and most doctors request it only if they are concerned about the baby’s position or the placenta’s function. Some doctors take it as a protocol.

How many antenatal scans?

During pregnancy, four antenatal scans are a definite must to ensure the pregnancy and baby are developing as expected, and there are no issues. More scans may be taken if there are complications in the pregnancy, the placenta is not functioning properly, or the baby’s growth or development is slow.

How many types of antenatal visits are there?

The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends 8 antenatal visits for the best pregnancy outcomes, ensuring proper care for both mother and baby. It starts with just one visit during the first trimester, increases to two in the second trimester, and then continues with the remaining 6 visits in the third trimester. The split will be once in the 7th month and twice in the last 2 months, or once every 2 weeks in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy.