"If the sperm count is zero in any common semen sample, we call it azoospermia.. It is always advisable to get a common test done from any standard embryology lab. And then the semen sample is examined under the microscope. If the sperm count is zero, then this semen sample is centrifuged for 15 minutes and the pallet is re-examined and we look for any occasional sperms are present or not, and if the sperm count is zero, then the male partner is asked to come back after 4 to 6 weeks apart for the second sample.If both the samples have zero count then we label it as azoospermia. Almost 1% of the male population has sperm. So the treatment recommended here is IS- THESE. Here we retrieve sperms through surgical technique from the THESE either by the aspiration technique or through a high magnification microscope, Micro dissection of the THESE is done and the testicular tissue is examined for any presence of sperms. If sperms are present in these sperms are directly injected into the egg and this technique is called Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection IS. In cases of obstructive azoospermia, sperms can be retrieved from testes in almost 95 to 100% of the cases and if the sperm is nonobstructive sperm if there is any testicular cause still with the micro THESE we can get sperms in 55 to 60% of the cases. So, through IS -THESE you can have your own biological child even if the sperm count is zero"

"What is unexplained infertility? When a couple cannot conceive after one year of regular intercourse and all the routine investigations are normal. Like they have normal semen analysis. Fallopian body tubes are patent and ovulation is also happening. If everything is normal despite this if a couple cannot conceive. We call it unexplained infertility. Almost 25 to 30% of cases of infertility have an unexplained factor. This could be because of some hidden factors. There could be mild tube dysfunction. Tubes could be patent. But there could be some mild tube dysfunction. There could be mild endometrosis, could be because of less ovarian reserve or advanced age even there could be some autoimmune or genetic factors in male partner. It could be because of defects in the sperm function test. If the count is normal, motility and morphology are also normal. But somehow sperm is unable to fertilize the egg. So such patients can have unexplained infertility. treatment of such couple depends on the duration of infertility and the woman's age. If the age is less than 35 years and the duration of infertility is less than 2 years, such couples can conceive mild for treatment in the form of ovulation induction plus III. So we do ovulation induction and III for 3 to four cycles and most couples will conceive with this treatment. If they cannot conceive with III. Then we proceed with IVF but if the age is more than 38 years in such couples with unexplained infertility, immediate IVF is advisable"

"Minimal stimulation protocol. We call it mini IVF as well. Here we stimulate the ovaries with the help of ovulation induction trucks and low do constrains from day two or day three of the period. We give the females laetrile or clomping and sequentially we supplement it with a very low dose of gonnadotropins.. So the aim is to get three to four good eggs. So as compared to the conventional IVF protocol. It is very cost - effective and gives us good results. As compared to the conventional IVF protocol if we select the patients very carefully, like in the patients with low AIM and the poor responders. They work as well as with the conventional protocol and in some of the patients if in the prior cycle the constrain IVF protocol has not worked that much and we have got only two to three eggs in that cycle and if they have not conceived with that IVF we can stimulate with the minimal stimulation protocol. So it is also cost effective and gives us good results"

"Oocyte or egg freezing is a procedure. With the help of this procedure, we can freeze and preserve the eggs of female. If they want to plant pregnancy later because of any social or medical reasons in cancer patients. Once they are diagnosed with the cancer before starting chemotherapy and radiotherapy and without compromising the cancer treatment, we can freeze their eggs with the help of laetrile and constrains so that they can attempt to have their own child in the future. So this procedure almost takes 2 weeks.In this 2 week period with the help of constrains. We do controlled ovarian stimulation so that multiple eggs can grow in the ovaries. Once the eggs are ready we give the trigger and 35 to 36 hours later we do the egg collection procedure under anesthesia. After collecting eggs, we screen these eggs and then we freeze these eggs through a vitrification technique. It has got excellent results. Nowadays, the survival rate of egg freezing is almost as good as 85 to 90%. So if because of any reasons, because for medical reasons or social reasons, egg freezing is advisable and if there are any social reasons, if you want to plan your pregnancy later in your 40's, it is better to come to us and get your eggs freeze when you are in early 30's. Because this is the time when the egg quantity and quality is good, so that later on you have a good chance of having your own biological child"

"After any embryo transfer there is a 2 week wait period. After this 2 weeks, 14 days, you will get to know the outcome of IVF. So please follow these tips to increase the IVF outcome after embryo transfer. First, take your medications on time as prescribed by your doctor. It could be in the form of some vitamins like folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin C and it could be the hormonal support in the form of estrogen or progesterone tablets. Second, a healthy diet and home - cooked food is preferred. Avoid junk food food from outside. take loads of fresh food and vegetables. Number three is avoid stress. Try to stay relaxed and be happy with your partner. Nowadays, there is no evidence to support bed rest after embryo transfer. So you can do light breathing exercises, yoga or meditation. Fourth, you can carry on with your routine activities. If you're going out for work, you can absolutely go to work also, but try to stay happy and relaxed"

"Endometrium is the innermost lining of the uterine cavity. So it has two components. One is the basal layer. The other is the functional layer. So the basal layer has a tendency to regenerate the functional layer. So what happens in one particular menstrual cycle of a female. So the functional layer under the hormonal influence gradually thickens so that it helps in the implantation. But if the pregnancy does not happen, this functional layer sheds off where the hormones decline in the menses. So for pregnancy to happen, ideal endometrium thickness. We think it is almost 7 to 8 mm. So when we prepare patients for the am transfer in any IVF cycle, there are many protocols involved and we select the patients and whatever protocol is best, we prepare the endometrium lining accordingly. So these protocols could be hormone replacement therapy. Here we start the patient on estrogen therapy from Day 2 or Day 3 of the period. We give estrogen in gradually increasing doses till the lining reaches 7 or 8 mm. Once the lining reaches 7 to 8 mm, we give estrogen for at least 10 days. So once the lining reaches 7 to 8 mm, then we start progesterone. Day three or day five before am transfer depending on whether we are transferring day three embryo transfer or blastocyst transfer. We are doing another protocol is the regulated HART cycle. Here before periods we regulate the pituitary gland with the help of some injections or some medication and from day two we start the estrogen therapy and once the lining reaches optimum size like 7 to 8 mm then we give the progesterone 3 or 5 days prior to the embryo transfer. Another could be the modified natural cycle or even sometimes we can do natural cycle embryo transfer. Here we follow the menstrual cycle of the female with the help of ultrasound and hormones and once the lining is suitable, we do the embryo transfer"