"Surgical sperm retrieval is usually a very minor surgical procedure and procedures like PESA and TESA, that is percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and testicular aspiration are extremely minor procedures and the man is good go work even on the following day. However when we do open biopsies or Mico TESSA, the recovery time is a little bit longer and it takes about 3 to 4 days for him to get back to normal and go to work. So we recommend atleast a 3 day leave from work after the procedure"

"Microdissection TESA is a little invasive procedure and as I told before, there is a sight chance that there could be a long term reduction in the testosterone, which is a male hormone. So this might require him to take long term testosterone therapy. Fortunately this is a rarer complication that happens and about 5% of men who undergo this procedure. So given this long term complication, we wouldn’t like to do it twice or thrice in a lifetime and the interval between each of these procedure should be 6 months"

"The commonest technique is called as testicular aspiration, wherein we put a tiny needle after giving the anaesthesia to the patient and then a small amount of testicular tissue is removed and then looked under the microscope. There we identify the sperms and use those sperms for IVF or ICSI procedure. This is done in conditions where a man has no sperms in his ejaculate, but assumption is that this is due to obstructive case. Also it is done when the man is unable to produce the sample or if his sperm DNA fragmentation rates are very high. The other kind of Surgical sperm retrieval is called as PESA or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration. Here it is done only if he has an obstructive azoospermia and we take sperms directly from a structure behind the testis called as epididymis. Again a small tiny needle is used for the procedure. It is also again a day care procedure and we get better quality sperms than from the testis because sperms in the epididymis tend to be a little motile and we get better quality sperms. This is PESA or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration. The third kind of sperm retrieval procedure is called as a testicular biopsy also called as TESA. Testicular sperm extraction or TESA is done where we have a condition called as non-obstructive azoospermia where we think the cause of not having sperm in the semen is caused due to reduced production in the testis. Here we open up the testicle and then take a bit of tissue little more than what we get in a TESA or a PESA and then look at this tissue under the microscope to identify sperms and the most recent or the most modern way of doing this procedure is called as Microdissection TESA"

"There is a condition of azoospermia called as non-obstructive azoospermia. Here we presume that the cause is because of failure of production or reduced production. In this kind of condition, we ask the man to do a couple of blood tests to find out of it is a genetic cause. These tests are called as karyotyping and Y chromosome microdeletion. Once these tests are normal and fine, we then go for this Microdissection testicular sperm extraction. The whole concept behind this Microdissection per se is that in non-obstructive azoospermia, there will be random areas where sperms will be produced in the testis. So if we take open biopsy randomly, we may miss the areas where the sperms are being produced. In microdissection, we open up and then using an operating microscope, identify those tubules that are more swollen and therefore more likely to have more sperms and selectively take those tubules for further magnification and search under the microscope. This helps to get a higher yield. It reduces overall damage to the testicular tissue and also helps in getting better success rate in terms of pregnancy"

"Surgical sperm retrieval is a process by which we are getting sperms by operating on an individual. Normally the sperms come out in the semen, but in some cases when there are no sperms in the semen, or the quality of the sperms in the semen is very poor, then we take the sperms directly for the tetsicle. So there are different ways of doing it. But altogether they are called as surgical sperm retrieval techniques"

"The success rate also depends on the quality off eggs of his wife, nature and the condition of the uterus. But given that all these three things are optimal , then the probability of getting pregnant or cycle is about 35% to 40% and if his wife produces plenty of eggs say about 15 or 20, then we should have about enough embryos to make, say 2 or 3 at times, by which time the probably cumulatively rises to about 80%"